对外经济贸易大学远程教育入学考试《英语》复习大纲

• 作主语 To see you is very glad. =It is very glad to see you. 

• 作表语 My hope is to see you.

• 作宾语 I want to buy a car. 

• 作宾语补足语 The teacher asked him to clean the classroom. 

• 作定语 The meeting to be held tomorrow is of importance. 

• 作状语 He went to see you.

• 动词的-ing形式：动词的-ing形式是一种非谓语动词。-ing形式仍保留有动词的特征，可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语。下列动词或者短语必须带动名词结构作宾语：

understand, admit, keep (on), practice, finish, imagine, miss, avoid, escape, suggest, dislike, detest, enjoy, delay, excuse, mind, appreciate, oppose, be worth, pay attention to, object to, can’t help, devote oneself to, put off, be/get used to, feel like, look forward to, get down to, how/what about…, there is no point (in) doing sth.

• doing (一般式)  Seeing is believing.

• being done (被动式) He came to the party without being invited.

• having done  (完成式)  Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel.

• having been done (完成被动式) Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.

• not doing  (否定式) I regret not following his advice.

• 作主语 His coming made us very happy.

• 作表语 What made him angry was their laughing.

• 作及物动词的宾语 Do you mind my opening the window?

• 作介词宾语：Her sister is good at learning physics.

• 作状语Seeing (= When he saw) a note on the ground, the stranger picked it up.

• 作宾语补足语 （动词see, watch, notice，observe, hear, feel, find, have, keep, catch等后常带-ing作宾补） I heard someone knocking at the door at that time

• 动词的-ed形式：动词的过去分词就是动词的-ed形式，它是非谓语动词的一种形式，也是历年热点语法项目之一, 动词的过去分词仍保留着动词的许多特征，因此在句中可以有自己的状语和逻辑主语，及物动词的过去分词既表示被动又表示完成，不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成而不表示被动。 过去分词的用法：

• 作定语：单个的过去分词作定语一般要放在它所修饰的名词前面，如果是过去分词短语要放在它所修饰的名词后面，相当于一个定语从句。少数动词的过去分词，如left 等，只能做后置定语。

• fallen leaves 落叶; boiled water 开水; developed country 发达国家   

• the risen sun 升起的太阳; a retired teacher 退休教师

• Polluted air and water are harmful to people’s health. 

• The story (written by him) is very interesting.

• I can’t give you any because there’s none left.

• The watered flowers look quite beautiful in the sun .

• 作表语：过去分词置于系动词be ，get, remain, seem等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态或性质，其用法相当于形容词，构成的谓语有时接近被动结构。

• The door remained locked.

• He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people.

• She felt very tired.

 

• 句子种类

• 陈述句

• 疑问句

• 祈使句

• 感叹句

• 简单句的五种基本句型

• 主语+谓语（不及物动词）SV

• 主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语 SVO

• 主语+系动词+表语 SVP

• 主语+谓语（及物动词）+（双宾语）间接宾语+直接宾语 SVOO

• 主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语 SVOC

 

• 主谓一致

主谓一致中的靠近原则

• 当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语与邻近主语保持一致。

• There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.

• There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.

• 当either…or… 与neither… nor…连接两个主语时，谓语动词与邻近主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和邻近主语一致。

 

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